$5,000 Personal Loan over 3 years: what it costs each month

What a $5,000 personal loan over 3 years costs at different rates

The rate you are offered depends on your credit score (FICO or VantageScore), your income and how much you borrow. The same $5,000 over 3 years can cost very different amounts, so it is worth seeing the whole range before you apply.

Moving the rate by one percentage point, from 12% to 13%, changes the monthly payment by about $2.40 and the total interest by about $86.

The formula behind the payment

The payment on a fixed-rate loan is: amount × monthly rate ÷ (1 − (1 + monthly rate)^−months). For $5,000 over 36 months at 12% APR the monthly rate is 1.0000%, which gives $166.07. Multiplying by 36 months gives $5,979 repaid in total, so the cost of borrowing is $979.

Should you borrow $5,000 over 3 years or a different term?

A longer term lowers the monthly payment but you pay interest for longer. At 12% APR, repaying $5,000 over 2 years costs $235.37 a month and $649 in interest, while 5 years costs $111.22 a month and $1,673 in interest. That is $1,025 more for the lower payment.

Interest versus capital: where your payments go

Early payments are mostly interest. In year 1 of this $5,000 loan, $521 of your $1,993 goes on interest and $1,472 reduces what you owe. By the last year the split reverses, which is why paying off a loan early saves more in the early years than the later ones.

What happens if you overpay your $5,000 loan?

Paying a little extra each month cuts the balance faster, so less interest is charged. Check that your lender allows overpayments and whether there is a charge: many allow up to a set amount a year without one.

How to work out if the payment is affordable

A common check is to keep all debt repayments, including this personal loan, below about a third of your take-home pay. A $166.07 payment fits that guide if your monthly take-home pay is at least $498.

Also look at what happens if your income drops. Choose a payment you could still make for several months without borrowing again.

What to check before you sign

• Compare offers from banks, credit unions and online lenders. Prequalifying with a soft credit check does not affect your credit score.
• Ask about origination fees, which are taken from the loan amount and raise the true cost.
• Check for a prepayment penalty. Most lenders do not charge one, but some do.
• Credit unions often offer lower rates than banks for members with fair credit.

Ways to pay less interest

• Pick the shortest term whose monthly payment you can comfortably afford. Going from 5 years to 2 years would save $1,025 on this loan.
• Improve your credit score before you apply: pay bills on time, keep card balances low and dispute errors on your reports.
• Make extra payments when you can, as long as there is no penalty. Each extra payment cuts the balance that interest is charged on.
• Borrow only what you need: every extra $1,000 at 12% over 3 years adds about $33.21 to the monthly payment.